Measuring moisture in pipeline natural gas with Panametrics
天然气通过管道网络分布，并存储在储罐，地下洞穴和花费的油井中。天然气中有多余的水分在寒冷气候中或由于焦耳 - 汤普森冷却而减压时液体水冷凝或冰形成。多余的水分与高压结合导致形成固体水合物。冰和/或水合物形成可以限制甚至阻止管道中的流动。气体的水分含量不利地影响了气体的加热值（BTU），从而降低了产品的质量和价值。水还与“酸”气体（例如二氧化碳和硫化氢）结合在一起，并加速腐蚀。为了满足气体质量要求并保护管道和存储基础设施，必须连续监控水分含量。
The distribution of natural gas must comply to specifications for the maximum moisture concentration referred to as the “tariff”. In the United Sates the tariff is 7lbs/mmscf (pounds per million standard cubic feet) and in Europe the maximum recommended level is -8°C dew point at 70 Bar(a). Other countries and localities have similar specifications for the maximum amount of water in natural gas. Suppliers who exceed the maximum levels may be “shut in” for non compliance. A shut in is a loss of revenue for gas suppliers.
早期检测水分含量的增加，可以在灾难性阻塞之前确定问题的根本原因，由于腐蚀或因监管转移点关闭而导致的收入损失引起的泄漏。大多数气体分配和压缩设施都受到较少的操作和维护人员的挑战，并且对自动数据采集和控制系统的依赖更加依赖。这意味着乐器必须很低
Benefits: • Multiple moisture measurement technologies • Systems designed to meet your budget • Complete turnkey systems. Just connect power, gas sample and output signal • No onsite calibration required
"Installing Panametrics time proven Aluminum Oxide (AlOx) trace moisture sensor offers great value. HygroPro Transmitters provide direct display and a 4-20mA signal for lbs/mmscf, dew point temperature ppmv (parts per million by volume). For natural gas applications the HygroPro is installed in a sample system, designed to filter, regulate and indicate the flow and optionally control the temperature.
The Moisture.IQ is a multifunction and multichannel analyzer which connects to (6) AlOx trace moisture probes, (6) Oxygen sensors and (12) analog inputs. The unit is programmed via a color touch screen or remotely via ethernet (TCP/IP). It provides digital and analog outputs and is equipped with an internal data logger. The Moisture.IQ has built in intrinsic safety barriers enabling connection to sensors in hazardous areas. These instruments are ideal for facilities with multiple measurement points or where redundant measurement is required. It is available in bench top/rack mount, wall mounted weatherproof and in an explosion proof enclosure.
PM880是一种可移植的电池式内在安全分析仪，非常适合点检查和数据记录。它可用于验证管道基础设施中各个位置的水分含量。
The Aurora TDLAS (Tunable Laser Absorption Spectrometer) moisture analyzer provides definitive moisture measurement by using a fully non-contact technique. The cost of installing an Aurora provides “return on investment” because there is no need for field calibration or sending sensors out for recalibration. Aurora are the fastest responding trace moisture technology therefore if there is a malfunction in the dehydration system, once corrected, confirmation of dry gas is assured. The Aurora provides a local display, 4-20mA signals, RS232/485, and Ethernet with MODBUS. The Aurora-Transport is battery operated and assembled in a high impact luggage case.
• USA: 0-25 lbs/mmscf (0-525 ppmv) with Alarm at 7lbs/mmcf • Europe: -40 to 0°C Dew Point at 70 Bar(a) with Alarm at -8°C Dew Point • Options for display of moisture in lbs/mmscf, dew point temperature or ppmv • 4-20mA signal Local display • Options for weather proof and heated enclosures • Options for sample conditioning systems • Certification for hazardous area operation: Explosion proof and intrinsically safe
Learn more about our tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) hygrometers